Civilizations of Anatolia

Civilizations

Anatolia is a layered map of peoples, kingdoms and empires. These guides connect the civilizations that shaped Türkiye to the regions, provinces and monuments where you can still see their legacy.

History Regions Heritage

c. 9600, 6000 BCE Şanlıurfa · Konya · Aksaray · Diyarbakır

Neolithic Anatolia

Neolithic Anatolia shaped Central Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia between c. 9600, 6000 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1650, 1180 BCE Çorum · Ankara · Kayseri · Yozgat

Hittite civilization

Hittite civilization shaped Central Anatolia, Black Sea between c. 1650, 1180 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 3000 BCE, 500 CE Çanakkale · Balıkesir

Troas and Troy

Troas and Troy shaped Marmara, Aegean between c. 3000 BCE, 500 CE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1200 BCE, 300 CE Bursa · Kocaeli · Sakarya · Tekirdağ

Bithynia and Thrace

Bithynia and Thrace shaped Marmara between c. 1200 BCE, 300 CE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1200, 700 BCE Ankara · Eskişehir · Afyonkarahisar · Kütahya

Phrygia

Phrygia shaped Central Anatolia, Aegean between c. 1200, 700 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1200, 546 BCE Manisa · İzmir · Uşak

Lydia

Lydia shaped Aegean between c. 1200, 546 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1100, 400 BCE İzmir · Aydın

Ionia

Ionia shaped Aegean between c. 1100, 400 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1000, 300 BCE Muğla · Aydın

Caria

Caria shaped Aegean, Mediterranean between c. 1000, 300 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1000, 400 BCE Antalya · Muğla

Lycia

Lycia shaped Mediterranean, Aegean between c. 1000, 400 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1000 BCE, 300 CE Antalya

Pamphylia

Pamphylia shaped Mediterranean between c. 1000 BCE, 300 CE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 1500 BCE, 1375 CE Mersin · Adana · Osmaniye

Cilicia

Cilicia shaped Mediterranean, Southeastern Anatolia between c. 1500 BCE, 1375 CE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 163 BCE, 72 CE Adıyaman · Gaziantep · Kahramanmaraş

Commagene

Commagene shaped Southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia between c. 163 BCE, 72 CE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 860, 590 BCE Van · Ağrı · Bitlis · Erzurum

Urartu

Urartu shaped Eastern Anatolia between c. 860, 590 BCE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

c. 300 BCE, 1461 CE Samsun · Sinop · Amasya · Trabzon

Pontus

Pontus shaped Black Sea between c. 300 BCE, 1461 CE. Its cities, monuments and inscriptions are part of Türkiye’s layered heritage; the sites below show where to see its legacy.

This guide combines official tourism indexes, UNESCO records, OpenStreetMap place data and original Come Türkiye writing. Opening hours, prices and transport change. Confirm details with the official venue before you go.