Greetings
Say “merhaba” (hello) or “günaydın” (good morning). A handshake is common; close friends may kiss on both cheeks.
Mosques
Remove shoes, cover shoulders and knees, and carry a scarf for women. Avoid visiting during prayer times if you are not praying.
Hospitality
Accepting tea or coffee is a friendly gesture. It is fine to decline politely. Bargaining is normal in bazaars, not in restaurants or hotels.
Ramadan & photos
During Ramadan, be respectful in conservative areas; many restaurants still serve visitors. Ask before photographing people and never photograph military sites.
This guide covers all 81 provinces, the World Heritage sites, local food, transport, emergency numbers and the small details that make a trip easier. It is written for foreign visitors and built from public records, official indexes and original research.
Opening hours, prices and transport change. Confirm details with the official venue before you go.
Sources: Sources & credits